| Breast-feeding as a contraceptive |
| 1.a. |
Consensus Statement |
'Breast-feeding as a Family Planning Method'
Lancet Nov. 19th 1988; pp. 1204-5,
Report by Kathy Kennedy from an International group of Scientists
at the Bellagio Study& Conf Centre; Italy. |
| 1.b. |
Gross, B. |
'Breastfeeding and the Return of Fertility',
Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine,
Westmead Centre, N.S.W., Australia.
1983. |
| 1.c. |
Howie P |
Natural Regulation of Fertility'
British Medical Bulletin
1993 Vol 49, No 1 pp182-199 |
| 1.d. |
Parenteau-Carreau,
Dr Suzanne, |
'The Return of Fertility in Breastfeeding Women'
(Study of fifty-four breastfeeding experiences)
1983. |
| 1.e. |
Perez, A. |
'First Ovulation after Childbirth',
American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology,
1982. |
| 1.f |
Perez A,
Labbok M,
Queenan J, |
'Clinical study of the lactational amenorrhoea method for family planning'.
Lancet 1992; 339: 968-70. |
| 1.g |
World Health Organisation
|
'Multinational Study of breast-feeding and lactational amenorrhoea. III Pregnancy during breast-feeding.'.
Fertility & Sterility, 1999, 72 (3) 431-440. |
| Cervical Mucus |
| 2.a. |
Chretien F C.
Cohen J
et al. |
'Human cervical mucus during the menstrual cycle and pregnancy in normal
and pathological conditions'.
Journal of Reproductive Medicine,
Vol 14, Number 5,
May 1975. |
| 2.b. |
Chretien F C. |
'The cyclic variations of the spatial distribution of cervical mucus framework as
demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy'.
Scanning Electron Microscopy of Human Reproductive Physiology.
Acta Obstet Gynae Scand. |
| 2.c. |
Graham,
Gosling,
France, |
'An evaluation of teaching cervical mucus symptoms to ovulating infertile
women',
Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology,
1983. |
| 2.d. |
Katz, DF,
Morales P,
Samuels SJ,
Overstreet JW. |
Differential penetration of morphologically normal and
abnormal human sperm into cervical mucus.
Fertil. Steril.
1990;33:179-86 |
| 2.e. |
Odeblad, Prof Erik |
'Cervical Mucus and their Functions'
Journal of the Irish Colleges of Physicians and Surgeons,
Vol 26, No. 1, Jan 1997. |
| Cervix - changes |
| 3.a. |
Keefe, E. F. |
'Self-observation of the Cervix to distinguish days of possible fertility',
Bulletin of the Sloane Hospital for Women, Columbia,
1962. |
| Contraceptive pill - fertility after |
| 4.a. |
Vessey, Martin
Smith,
Yeates, |
FPA Study, Oxford,
'Return of fertility after discontinuance of oral contraceptives
- Influence of age and parity,
British Journal of Family Planning,
1986, Vol. 11, pp.120-140. |
| Efficiency studies |
| 5.a. |
Barbato, M.
Bartolotti, M. |
'Natural methods for fertility control, prospective study',
International Journal of Fertility and Sterility 5,
Supplement, pp 48-51,
1988. |
| 5.b. |
Bonnar J, Flynn A, Freundl G, Kirkman R, Royston R, Snowden R, |
Personal hormone monitoring for contraception,
British Journal of Family Planning, 24, 128-134
1999. |
| 5.c. |
Frank-Herman P,
Freundl G
et al. |
'Effectiveness and acceptability of the sympto-thermal method of natural
family planning in Germany',
Am J Obstet Gynecol 1991; 165: pp. 2052-4. |
| 5.d. |
Marshall, Prof. John. |
A prospective trial of the Mucothermic Method of natural family planning,'
International Review of Natural Family Planning,
Summer 1985. |
| 5.e |
Marshall J. |
Mucus and basal body temperature method of regulating births.
Field trial. Lancet 1976 Vol 2 pp 282-283. |
| 5.f. |
Rice, FJ.
Lanctot, C.
Garcia-Devesa, |
Efficiency of sympto-thermal method,
International Journal of Fertility 26,
pp 222-30, 1981. |
| 5.g. |
Wade, M.
McCarthy, P. |
Comparative study of ovulation and sympto-thermal method,
American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 141,
pp 368-76, 1981. |
| 5.h. |
World Health Organisation Studies, |
A Prospective Multi-center Trial of the Ovulation Method of Natural
Family Planning,
The American Fertility Society, Birmingham, Alabama, U.S.A.
1981-3
- 1. The Teaching Phase. Vol. 36. No. 2. 1981
- 2. The Effectiveness Phase. Vol. 36. No. S. 1981.
- 3. Characteristics of the Menstrual Cycle and of the fertile phase. Vol. 40. No. 6. 1983.
- 4. The outcome of Pregnancy. Vol. 41. No. 4. 1984.
|
| 5.i. |
Freundl, G.,
|
European multi-centre study of natural family planning (1989-1995).
Advances in contraception.1999: 15: 69-83,
pp 69-83, |
| Intercourse - Timing for conception and gender selection |
| 6.a. |
France, JT
Graham FM
Gosling L
Hair PI |
A prospective study of the pre-selection of the sex of offspring
by timing intercourse relative to ovulation.
Fertil-Steril.
1984; 41(6): 894-900 |
| 6.b. |
Gray, RH |
Natural family planning and sex selection - fact or fiction?
American J Obs and Gyne,
1991 Dec; 165 (6Pt 2);
1982-4 |
| 6.c. |
Simpson, JL. |
Pregnancy and the timing of intercourse (editorial comment),
New England Journal of Medicine
1995 Dec 7; 333 (23): 1517-21 |
| 6.d. |
Wilcox, AJ
Weinberg, CR
Baird, DD |
Timing of sexual intercourse in relation to ovulation.
Effects on the probability of conception, survival of the pregnancy, and sex of the baby.
New England J Medicine
1995 Dec 7; 333(23): 1563-5 |
| Ovulation - biochemistry and ultrasound / subjective assessment |
| 7.a. |
Collins W P,
Branch C
et al. |
'Biochemical indices of the fertile period in women,'
International Journal of Fertility, 26 (3)
1981 pp 196-202. |
| 7.b. |
Depares J,
Ryder R,
Norman C.
|
Ovarian ultra-sonography highlights precison of symptoms
of ovulation as markers of ovulation.
BMJ 292, 1562 14 June 1986. |
| 7.c. |
Flynn,
Docker,
Morris,
Lynch
Roberts, |
'The reliability of women's subjective assessment of the fertile period,
relative to urinary gonadotrophins and follicular ultrasonic
measurements during the menstrual cycle',
Research in Family Planning,
1983. |
| 7.d. |
France, J. |
The detection of ovulation for fertility and infertility.
Recent Advances in Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Ed J. Bonnar Churchill & Livingstone pp. 215-39 1983 |
| 7.e. |
Weinberg
Wilcox. |
'Using the Ratio of Urinary Oestrogen and Progesterone Metabolites to Estimate Day
of Ovulation,'
Statistics in medicine', 10, pp. 255-266
|
| 7.f. |
Wilcox, A. Weinberg, CR . Baird, D.
|
'Timing of Sexual Intercourse in Relation to Ovulation. Effects on the Probability of Conception, Survival of the Pregnancy, and Sex of the Baby. '
The New England Journal of Medicine Vol 333.(23) Dec 7, 1995 pp. 1517-1521
|
| 7.g. |
Wood, JW. |
'Fecundity and natural fertility in humans'.
Oxf. Rev Reprod. Biol 11; 61-109,
1989. |
| 7.h. |
Wilcox A. J., Dunson D, Baird DD., |
'The timing of the ‘fertile window’ in the menstrual cycle: day specific estimates from a prospective study.
BMJ Vol 321; 18 November 2000. 1259-1262.'.
|
| Teaching strategies |
| 8.a. |
Clubb E M,
Pyper C M,
Knight J, |
'A pilot study on teaching natural family planning in general practice'.
Natural family planning: Current knowledge and new strategies for the 1990's.
Georgetown University, Washington D C
1990: pp. 130-2. |
| Temperature |
| 9.a. |
Marshall, Prof. John, |
'Thermal changes in the normal menstrual cycle,'
British Medical Journal 1, 102.
1963 |
| 9.b. |
Marshall, Prof. John
Barrett, Dr John. |
'The Risk of Conception on different days of the menstrual cycle',
Population Studies, vol 23, pp455,
1969 |
